INSIGHT is a paediatric, disease-based clinical cohort that is designed to investigate gene and environmental factors in children with nephrotic syndrome. Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is the most commonly acquired kidney disease in childhood and progressive (treatment resistant) forms result in complete scarring of the kidney, leading to end stage renal disease (ESRD). Paediatric nephrotic syndrome is defined as more than 3 g\/day of proteinuria and low serum albumin levels.<\/span><\/p>\n Recruitment for INSIGHT is primarily based in the Greater Toronto Area, with the hopes of expanding the study to other regional, national, and international sites. Recruitment began at The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids) in February 2011. Our target participation number is 2,000 children from the Greater Toronto Area, in addition to those participating from other sites.<\/p>\n Eligibility criteria:<\/b> Diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome after 1996, between ages 6 months to 18. Adults and parents\/guardians of children under the age of 18 can sign an informed consent and complete questionnaires.<\/p>\n Study Procedure: <\/b>Online questionnaire, blood work and urine sample, toenail clippings (for those diagnosed after 2005).<\/p>\n<\/div>